Understanding Debt-to-Income Ratio
How lenders evaluate your ability to repay a loan
What is DTI?
Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) compares your monthly debt payments to your gross monthly income. Lenders use this metric to assess your ability to manage monthly payments and repay borrowed money.
DTI = (Monthly Debt Payments ÷ Gross Monthly Income) × 100
Two Types of DTI
Front-End DTI
Housing costs only (mortgage, taxes, insurance, HOA). Should be below 28%.
Back-End DTI
All monthly debts including housing. Should be below 36% (43% for some programs).
What Counts as Debt?
Included: Mortgage/rent, car loans, student loans, credit card minimums, personal loans, child support, alimony
Not Included: Utilities, phone bills, groceries, subscriptions, gas, entertainment
How to Lower Your DTI
- 1Pay off credit cards and small loans
- 2Avoid taking on new debt before applying
- 3Increase your income (side job, raise, second earner)
- 4Consider a less expensive home